Some Code Talkers enlisted others were drafted. Following their basic training, the Code Talkers completed extensive training in communications and memorizing the code. As the war progressed, more than 400 Navajos were eventually recruited as Code Talkers. After viewing a demonstration of messages sent in the Navajo language, the Marine Corps was so impressed that they recruited twenty-nine Navajos in two weeks to develop a code within their language.Īfter the Navajo code was developed, the Marine Corps established a Code Talking school. He suggested to the Marine Corps that the Navajo and other tribes could be very helpful in maintaining communications secrecy. Johnston, although not Indian, had grown up on the Navajo reservation. Philip Johnston was a World War I veteran who had heard about the successes of the Choctaw telephone squad. The Marine Corps recruited Navajo Code Talkers in 19. Members of other tribes served as Code Talkers but they were not specifically recruited by the military. The army had special American Indian recruiters working to find Comanche in Oklahoma who would enlist. Although not used extensively, the World War I telephone operators played a key role in helping the United States Army win several battles in France that brought about the end of the war.īeginning in 1940, the army recruited Comanche, Meskwaki, Chippewa, Oneida, and later, Hopi, people to transmit messages in code during World War II. In World War I, Choctaw and other American Indians transmitted battle messages in their tribal languages by telephone. During World War II, when the total American Indian population was less than 400,000, an estimated 44,000 Indian men and 800 women served.Ĥ.2 Recruitment & Training Play Narration More than 12,000 American Indians served in World War I-about 25 percent of the male American Indian population at that time. For some American Indians, the military offered economic security and an opportunity for education, training, and world travel. Many of them also served out of a sense of patriotism, wanting to defend the United States. They cared about their communities and the lands on which their people had lived for thousands of years. It was a great honor to be chosen in this way.ĭespite everything that American Indians had endured in the past, the warrior tradition-the tradition of protecting their people-called many of them to serve in the United States military. Usually, a warrior had to prove himself before being asked to join a warrior society. Many tribes had special warrior societies, which had their own ceremonies, songs, dances, and regalia that they wore. Boys trained from an early age to develop the spiritual, mental, emotional, and physical strength they would need to become warriors. Warriors were regarded with the utmost respect in their communities. They would do anything to help their people survive, including laying down their own lives. They cared for people and helped in many ways, in any time of difficulty. However, their traditional roles involved more than fighting enemies. “Warrior” is an English word that has come to describe them. Your browser does not support the audio element.įor thousands of years, American Indian men have protected their communities and lands. 7.7 Reflection and Discussion QuestionsĤ.1 The American Indian Warrior Tradition Play Narration.6.4 Reflection and Discussion Questions.6.1 Jobs and Opportunities for Veterans.5.7 Reflection and Discussion Questions.4.10 Reflection and Discussion Questions.4.1 The American Indian Warrior Tradition.3.6 Reflection and Discussion Questions.3.5 Charles Chibitty – Boarding Schools.3.0 Struggling with Cultural Repression.2.7 Reflection and Discussion Questions.2.1 The Importance of American Indian Languages.
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